Art Brut
It was Jean Dubuffet who invented the term "raw art" in 1945, defined as: “We mean by this term those works executed by people devoid of artistic culture in which, therefore, imitation, unlike what takes place in intellectuals, plays little or no part, so that their authors draw all (subjects, choice of materials, means of transposition, rhythms, manners of writing, etc.), from their own collections and not clichés of classic or fashionable art. We thus witness the artistic operation in its pure, raw state, totally reinvented in all its phases by its author solely from his own impulses."(1)
(1)in “Raw Art Preferred to Cultural Arts”
This name of "raw art" refers to various works -- drawings, paintings, sculptures, assemblies or objects -- which stand for strong individual expressions and are produced by artists outside the usual training and distribution channels, among whom people who work in isolation, people with mental illness, mediums, etc.
Jean Dubuffet has amassed a sizeable collection which has been on show in Lausanne (Switzerland) since 1974.
Outsider Art
This term originated in the book by Roger Cardinal entitled Outsider Art (1972) and the exhibition Outsiders organized in London in 1979. It is the English equivalent of the term "art brut" and is commonly used to go beyond the confines of 'raw art'.
Naïve Art
Naïve art designates the works of artists, most often autodidacts, who are in gap with the artistic movements of their time, either by clumsiness, or because they ignore everything of it.
Differenciated Art
Differenciated art designates works created by mentally disabled artists.
This term was made up by Luc Boulangé et André Stas, founders of the Créahm.
